Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Economics & the Legal Environment of Business Research Paper
Economics & the Legal Environment of Business - Research Paper Example Macroeconomic factors The macroeconomic conditions are very important for business. Conducive macroeconomic conditions help a business to earn excellent profit, whereas unfavorable macroeconomic situations may convert the profits into losses. There are several macroeconomic factors that can influence the business operation of the company. Some of the vital factors are total production or GDP (gross domestic product) of the country in which the company is located, unemployment situation, prevailing and expected rate of inflation, and rate of interests. (Culp, 2001) If the country in which the company is located has been suffering from negative growth of GDP, then it will produce some adverse impacts on the construction industry also as it a part of the entire economy. For example, if a country is going through recession, then every industrial sector will feel the heat in the form of decreased demand and lower production. On the contrary, if an economy is going through economic expansi on with high rate of GDP growth then, purchasing power of the population will increase which might help in creating higher demand in the construction industry. (Culp, 2001) Similarly, unemployment situation is also a vital factor that might influence the business operation. ... (Culp, 2001) Inflation rate is also a quite vital thing to consider for the growth of a construction company. If the overall consumer price index for an economy is rising for quite a long time, then industry specific consumer price index will also feel its impact. Thus in the presence of high rate of inflation, consumer price index for the construction industry will also be quite high. This mainly happens because in the presence high rate of inflation in an economy costs of production in almost all the industries increase which is in turn reflected in the prices. Now in the presence of high consumer price index of construction industry, the construction company will loose many customers as the prices may not fit to the pockets of the customers. On the contrary, during low level of inflation, the company will get more customers and thus it can expand its production. (Culp, 2001) Interest rate is another vital macroeconomic factor in case of construction industry. This is so as most of the potential customers of a construction company very often depend on loans at the time of purchasing a product of this company. no matter whether the buyer is a government or any private agency or any individual, credit lending plays an important role here. Thus, if interest rate becomes higher, then the cost of borrowing becomes higher and consequently, the products of the construction company will look more expensive. This will simply reduce potential customers of the business entity. However, in the events of lower interest rate, the company will get more customers without changing its prices for its products. (Culp, 2001) Microeconomic factors: Microeconomic factors
Monday, October 28, 2019
Supervision Notes Essay Example for Free
Supervision Notes Essay A1. A duty of care effectively means that as a carer it is our job to always act in the best interests of those individuals that we provide care for. This not only includes treating them how they like to be treated but also protecting them from harm, even if thats from themselves. As long as you are competent in the roles that you are being asked to perform it is the carers obligation to protect service users and remove them from harmful situations. A2. As a carer you not only have a duty of care to the service user you support, but also other staff, your employers and members of the public. When you act in persons best interests you must do so with that persons consent unless they lack the capacity to understand that it is in their best interest to comply. For example when you support a service user to a doctors appointment and they will not allow the doctor to inspect their injuries, your duty of care to that individual dictates that you act in their best wishes and so may have to go against what the individual wants in order for them to get treatment. You should follow company policies and procedures concerning your duty of care and follow/write up risk assessments for any perceivable risks. You should also ensure that you always act to the best of your ability to be trustworthy, respecting service users dignity, with compassion and integrity to ensure they are safe. A3. The care providing companys duty of care is to both the service users and the staff who work for them. They should ensure your knowledge and skillset are suitable and updated regularly and that you are fully trained and competent at tasks that are expected of you. This would include writing and updating polices and procedures for staff to follow as well as responding to any complaints or reported risks, then taking corrective action to keep everyone safe. The company must keep accurate and up to date records of the care and support that is being provided, including any assessments of a persons capacity and the rationale for decisions taken on their behalf. They should also protect all individuals confidentiality unless some details directly effect the duty of care over another service user, staff member or the public. Overall the companys duty of care must ensure that they are assisting/enabling you as a carer to complete your duty of care towards your service users and do all that is reasonable to ensure both staff and clients are kept safe at all times. A4. In our role as a carer we have a duty of care to protect service users and ensure all safeguarding issues are raised with our employer or government agency. To ensure effective safeguarding we should raise any health and/or safety concerns we notice at work such as poor working practises, lack of equipment or training and suspicion of abuse or neglect. Even if these complaints are aimed at the company we work for, it is the carers duty to notify the authorities or the carers themselves could be accused of neglect or incompetence by failing to act. If carers take their duty of care seriously, as we all should, by following legislation, the polices and procedures and respecting those we provide care for by protecting them from harm we ensure the service users are safeguarded. Task C Guidance notes C1. Your company should have a Complaints Procedure in place and will often be found within the policies and procedures file. The main purpose of it is to ensure that the complaints procedure is properly and effectively implemented and that service users feel confident knowing their complaints and worries are listened to and acted upon promptly and fairly. This should correspond to meet the minimum standards when processing complaints as outlined in the laws that govern it. When dealing with complaints companys are to ensure that service users and their representatives, carers and visitors are made aware of how to complain and that the company makes it easy for them to register such complaints. A named person is responsible for administration, processing and investigating any complaints received. Once a complaint is lodged it should be acknowledged in writing by the company and state what will happen next. Complaints should be dealt with promptly, fairly and sensitively with due regard to the distress that may be caused to both staff and service users involved. If the company believes that the complaint is best dealt with and settled at a local, in house level between the complainant and the accused then it may chose to do so. However if either of the parties are not satisfied by this process the case could be referred to the Care Quality Commission. Either way the company must do all it can to fully investigate any complaints and ensure that all preventative and/or disciplinary procedures are followed to prevent it reoccurring. The legal requirement for dealing with complaints include the Health and Social Care Act 2010, Freedom of Information act and National Minimum Standards complaints policy. These standards require care home managers to have clear procedures that enable service users to make their views, concerns and worries known, and to reassure them that appropriate action will be taken. Policies and procedures for dealing with suspicion or evidence of physical, financial, psychological or sexual abuse, neglect, self harm or degrading behaviour should also be put in place. These standards should ensure that every care home has clear and effective complaints procedure, which includes the stage of, and time scales, for the process and detail what will happen to look into and prevent further incidents. Everything should be documented and kept on record for further study to ensure an efficient service and that any potential similar incidents can be prevented. C2. Taking both the legal and organisational requirements into consideration, we must respond openly, calmly and appropriately to any comment or complaint made to us. When a complaint is made to you then you should ensure that the individual making it understands how to follow the correct complaints procedure. This includes explaining how the system works, what they can expect as a result of their complaints and when they hear back from the company. You may need to support individuals completing the process and you should remain objective , professional and act with integrity throughout. You should make no promises to those who complain but reassure them and ensure that all complaints are taken seriously, that it will be investigated properly and that they are kept informed throughout the process. You should also inform your manager as soon as is possible so that any safeguarding issues can be put into place straight away. We should never discourage individuals from making a valid complaint and never discuss any concerns raised with any staff members other than your manager. Complaints procedures are to be followed because they allow people to express their concerns and ensure that all accidents, claims of abuse and risks are identified and acted upon. Complaints allow the company and staff to ensure they are working safely, that they make necessary improvements and that all service users are happy and safe when accessing care services. It is the service users, staff and family members right to complain when they feel something is not right and its our legal duty to ensure we take their concerns seriously and find a solution.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Fabric And Jewelery In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight :: essays research papers
                                             Erin Kilkenny                                              English Comp & Lit                                              Cathy Seigel                                              March 7, 2000                                              Sir Gawain Essay      In literature, insights into characters, places, and events are often communicated to the reader by symbolic references within the text. This is the case in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In this Medieval romance, the colors and textures of fabrics and jewelry are used heavily by the poet not only as a descriptive tool, but also to give the reader information about the characters’ personalities and roles within the story.      The narrative opens with a holiday feast in King Arthur’s court. The richness of this setting is represented by the decorations surrounding Queen Guenevere described in lines 76-80. â€Å"With costly silk curtains, a canopy over,/ Of Toulouse and Turkestan tapestries rich/ All broidered and bordered with the best gems/ Ever brought into Britain, with bright pennies/ to pay.†These lines also symbolize the queen’s role in the poem of a stately symbol of chivalric Camelot and as a female ideal. In this setting women are all around, but Guenevere is positioned above them and is surrounded by expensive, beautiful things. She is clearly made superior.      The Green Knight then arrives at Arthur’s court to pose a challenge for someone to cut off his head and to have the favor returned a year later. He and his horse are both entirely green and are clad in rich attire. The horse’s saddle is described as follows, in lines 164-167: â€Å" About himself and his saddle, set upon silk,/ That to tell of the trifles would tax my wits,/ The butterflies and birds embroidered thereon/ In green of gayest, with many gold thread.†The Green Knight’s appearance makes his supernatural qualities apparent from the start, even before he is able to survive decapitation. Though his ornate clothing establishes him as a respectable knight, the fact that he is entirely green is not normal. Green is often associated with creepy, monstrous things, so therefore the knight is given a supernatural quality by that color.      Gawain, Arthur’s knight who takes the Green Knight’s challenge, is portrayed in different lights as the story progresses. Descriptions of fabric and clothing are integral to this portrayal. When he is departing Camelot to find the Green Knight, Gawain is depicted as a virtuous, chivalrous knight bravely facing his fate. His clothing, therefore, is red, symbolizing courage, and bears a gold pentangle, a symbol of virtue. This is described in lines 636-639, â€Å"On shield and coat in view/ He bore that emblem bright/ As to his word most true/ And in speech most courteous knight.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Mitosis and Meiosis
It is important that cells go through mitosis because it makes each new cell contain the same gentic information. If meiosis did not occur the reproduction would cease to exist. Mitosis is the process of chromosomes dividing. There are four steps that it goes through. Between cell division the cells are in interphase. During this there is cell growth and the genetic material such as DNA is contained in the chromosomes, duplicated so that when the cell divides each new cell has a full version of the same genetic material.First is prophase, which the chromosomes coil up and become visible. Second is metaphase, the chromosomes move in toward the center. Third is anaphase, and here is where the cromatids are pulled apart. Fourth and last, is the telophase, this is when a nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes. If mitosis occurred in the gametes, when fertilization happens the offspring would receive a double dose of hereditary information. To prevent this, it undergoes the reducti on division of meiosis. Meiosis is a form of cell division that cuts the number of chromosomes in halves in the gametes.An organism would need to go through mitosis for growth, development, repair and asexual reproduction. Meiosis is important for eukayotic organisms, this causes production of gametes which is the organisms reproductive cells) for sexual reproduction. Mesoisi is very random in its way of separating homologus pairs. It randomly determins which of each pair ends up in each newly produced gametes. An organism with 23 pairs of chromosomes can produce 8,388,603 possible types of gametes. According to (2010), â€Å"The process of meiosis also creates another opportunity to generate genetic diversity.During one phase of meiosis, called metaphase, the arrangement of each pair of homologous chromosomes is random, and different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes line up with varying orientations to create new gene combinations on different chromosomes. This ac tion is called â€Å"independent assortment. †(para. Five).Reference (2010). Understanding Genetics – growth and Reproduction. Retrieved from http://www. libraryindex. com/pages/2222/Understanding-Genetics-GROWTH-REPRODUCTION. html
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Promoting National Unity in Sri Lanka Through Education
It took three decades of war, ethnic conflict and loss of thousands of lives for Sri Lankans to realize the importance of unity. Sri Lanka now stands in a position where the country is gradually recovering from brutal wounds of war and this is high time for the nation to look into aspects of promoting unity among diverse cultures and ethnic groups to avoid the reoccurrence of such a tragedy. One way of achieving unity among different ethnic groups is through education. Enlightenment of the nation about the importance of unity can only be achieved by educating people.This essay will analyze the ways of achieving unity through education with relation to the Sri Lankan society. Language is a powerful tool which can be used to achieve mutual understanding among cultures. It can also be used to share knowledge. So it is important to break language barriers between people in order to bridge them through communication. As the 20 million population of Sri Lanka consists of people belonging t o diverse ethnic groups where, more than one language is used, it is important to promote a trilingual education system, provided the most widely spoken languages in Sri Lanka being Sinhala, English and Tamil.The learning of all aforementioned languages should be made compulsory at primary level. Education in schools should be offered in all three mediums and the equal importance of these languages should be emphasized. The adaptation of a trilingual policy in education will facilitate the access to cultural texts and knowledge and promote unity through interactions between students where, mutual understanding can be achieved. Equal importance to all the cultures should be given and students should be educated to respect the customs and traditions of other cultures and religions or racial groups.Once steps are taken to break the language barrier, interactions between students from all parts of the country should be promoted. This could be done through extracurricular activities such as organizing cultural festivals and organizing field trips where students from the North can visit schools in the south and vice versa. Also schools could work together on joint ventures or projects where students will get opportunities to make new friends. The system of schools around the country should be linked to acilitate the knowledge sharing g process and this could be done through the implementation of a common platform, for an example as a social network among schools for sharing ideas and knowledge. National coherence will be achieved through interaction of cultures and this will promote national unity. The education system should be reformed to promote divergent thinking and it is important to change the attitudes of students from the contemporary social views of attributing a person to a specific nationality (Sinhalese, Muslim or Tamil) to attributing people to the common nationality of Sri Lankan.This should be taught at the school level so that future generations wil l hopefully have a different but positive attitude towards other cultures besides their culture. Promotion of learning cultural studies and peace and conflict studies as a linked subject at secondary and tertiary levels where students will be given transfer scholarships to different areas of the country to study about culture and traditions of a particular ethnic group and also be given opportunity to study and research about post conflict consequences.Creation of a platform for tertiary level students to present findings from their researches to help the process of national decision making, this can be achieved by creating partnerships with state universities and the assistance of university academics can also be used in national policy making with regards to reconciliation.In my opinion, the above four factors, Adopting a trilingual policy and Promotion of learning cultural studies and peace and conflict studies as a linked subject at secondary and tertiary levels interactions amo ng students, promoting the concept of a common nationality and are the most important to be considered when achieving national unity through education. Concentrating on the significance of two of the above factors in achieving national development, the adaptation of a trilingual policy plays key role in this narrative.As unity is promoted through mutual understanding, individuals can unite and work together towards attaining national development. Since equal significance will be given to all the nationalities and thereby language and cultural disputes will be solved and the reoccurrence of a tragedy such as the ethnic conflict which crippled the Sri Lankan economy will not take place.Peace is the most important factor to achieve national development, for a war torn country, achieving economic stability would be a mere dream. As for the importance of interactions between people for national development, it can be stated that greater interaction between diverse groups of people facili tates the process of sharing knowledge in different cultures. This knowledge can be used to develop modern technologies and sciences.Knowledge and the creation of intellectuals who are nourished with rich cultural knowledge can help develop innovations and policies that will help the country achieve economic growth and stability. In conclusion it is to be understood that when considering the above factors, giving equal significance to all ethnic groups, adopting a trilingual policy and developing people to people contacts is important to achieve national unity and national development. As a saying goes, ‘United, we stand, Divided we fall’.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Losing the War on Drugs essays
Losing the War on Drugs essays America is spending millions of dollars to run ad campaigns with teenage waifs smashing up the kitchen with frying pans, brain fried egg commercials, and other inaccurate and misleading ads put fear into our nations youth and adults alike. One such ad showed a flat line brain scan purportedly hooked up to a drug user. It was later proven that it was hooked up to nothing and most of our nations kids now know it. Seeing the "Land of the Free" turn into a nation that imprisons more of its citizens than any other industrialized nation on earth is neither effective or a good message to send our children. We are building 9 new prisons for every one new university( ). Which do you want built for your children? In this country, we are locked in war we simply cannot win. We strive to protect over 10,000 miles of border, against enemies who are driven by the lure of an obscene really resulted from this war is the overcrowding of prisons, the expansion of law and distrust. If its not obvious already, I am referring to the war on drugs. As time goes on, it becomes more and more evident that the war on drugs is as useless as officials, who use the war as a reelection tool. To study this problem, I visited government web pages for statistics and facts dealing with the war, and was surprised what I found. To most people the fiscal reasons for ending the war are the most convincing. For example, it costs over $30,000 per year to house a prisoner - this does not include processing and legal fees, only the actual prison costs - food, water, electricity and guards ( ). There are over 1.5 million non-violent drug law offenders in prison right now, and this number is increasing daily( ). That means we are spending a minimum of $45 billion per year keeping former tax-paying citizens, most of whom had jobs and were contributing to the economy in some way, locked up with murderers and rapists. When these pe...
Monday, October 21, 2019
buy custom Does Money Motivate People essay
buy custom Does Money Motivate People essay Money has been a means rewarding workers for a very long time. There are many other incentives given to workers such as free gifts, promotions and holiday leaves. Among those offered, money is considered as the most important of all. Money is considered most important because everything that man needs for survival has the value of money attached to it. This includes all the basic needs needed for human survival.Food, shelter and clothing all have money value attached to them. It is with this regard that many organizations consider money is the most important motivator to their employees. This has been explained in details by sociologists like Philip Slater. The question if money matters has been posed by many people. Many reputable scientists have argued that it actually depends on which society one is referring to. In other words, which historical period one is talking about. They refer to how people used to live sometimes back. During the Stone Age period, there was no money. People used to exchange goods as a means of trade. This means that workers were paid by being given goods such as food, jewelary and pieces of cloth to wear. They thus argue that there was no money and yet workers were motivated. Money is thus not considered a motivator by scientists because even presently such agreements do exist. In some cases, they have referred to the African Traditional way of paying bride price. Dowry is paid in form of domestic animals and not money (Blass, 2009). Wealth can be measured in many ways and the amount of money one has is one them. Every person does his best to gain wealthy but people perceive wealth differently. Some people regard material wealth more highly than money. These are the people who might not consider money as a motivator. Just like the Traditional African society, some people in the modern would still prefer material wealth as a motivator rather than money. There are cases where employers have bought houses and vehicles for their employees as a means of appreciating their good work. The employees have ended up working even harder because they have been motivated by goods. In other different cases motivation can be something much different from money. When a student is praised for doing well, thats enough motivation and can make him to perform even harder. Thus money can be a motivator to some but not others. Does Money Motivate? Employers pay their employees money as a major means of motivation. This is the most common means compared to others and reminds one about Shaw and Gruptas article. It stated that the idea that everybody wanted money was just propaganda. It goes on to say that it was circulated by wealth addicts who wanted to feel better about themselves. Other means used in organization to motivate employees include praises, promotions and giving employees gifts and presents. In the present world, people need money to carry their day to day activities (Collins and Moore, 1970). It is for this reason that Trade Unions are fighting tirelessly for workers to be paid good salary. They fight for pay rise and good working conditions. Few organizations provide their employees with food at their work places. It is for this reason that employees must be paid well so that they can buy food because they cannot work on an empty stomach. The employees may also have other dependants like families and friends. This implies that even if they are given enough food at work it is not convincing for them not to be paid. Money is also used by employees to meet other basic needs that they may need. They need clothing to keep them and cover their nakedness. Studies show that employees spend a large amount of their income to buy clothing in order to be smart. Other firms provide uniforms to their employees which they wear during working hours. Generally they are supposed to be presentable in their places of work thus they need money to buy clothing. Shelter is another basic need that employees should have. They should therefore be paid money that will enable them to rent or buy their own houses. This amounts to motivation at work place because employees will work well if they motivation to those employees who cannot afford housing. Servant quarters are provided by some organisations to employees who want to live near the company. Skinnerians definition of motivation is classified into two. He was renowned sociologist who distinguished them between intrinsic and extrinsic. He defines intrinsic motivation as whereby the task is qualified as appealing (Cooper, 2000). It should be appealing in a way that the employees should feel motivated when they are given the gift.He goes to give examples of what he thinks the best motivation for such employees. He gives example of an employee who urgently needs a house. Such an employee will be highly motivated if he is given a house as a gift other than giving him something else.He ends his statement by suggesting that employees should be given a chance to choose what will motivate them. If this is implemented, then the organisation should give limits because some employees could be so extravagant. Extrinsic motivation is whereby the organization gives motivation in a manner which is conditional. This means that an employee is given something to motivate him but given certain targets to meet. In this case, the promise given or the gift given can be withdrawn if the target is not met. He has given examples of such cases. An employee is given a house to live in on condition that if he meets a given target the house will be his. Skinnerian in his article does not support extrinsic motivation. He gives possibilities of some employees blackmailing their employees by setting unachievable targets. Reseach conducted showed that most employees would prefer intrinsic kind of motivation compared to extrinsic. It also showed that many companies use intrinsic kind of motivation in their policies. What Does Money Mean To Motivation? Numerous studies have shown that when employees are asked what is most important to them, money has been ranked as most important. Other factors like good working conditions, type of work to be done and of administration come later. This implies that with good payment, many employees are willing to work under any given conditions. It thus gives us the reason as to why generally many people can even risk their entire lives for the sake money. This relates to the study of human nature which states that human desires cannot be satisfied. Some employees have been known to work even on holidays so tha they can earn more. Others dont even go on leave just to work for money. Managers who have been asked what their employees prefer most have also ranked money as the most important. This assumption has however led to many employees being mistreated at their place of work. Some Managers take this advantage to sexually harass their juniors Such cases are more witnessed at the time workers are being recruited. Employees who are promised a lot of money to the extend of bribing the managers to get the position they want. It can be noted from this that money is a source of all evils. Unqualified people are employed through bribery. This may make the company not perform at certain points because the employees are incompetent.Some employees are victims of sexual harassment just because they have been promised money by the managers. This proves the relevancy of the study which showed that many marriages were being broken because of sexual relationships at work places. It was also noted that H.I.V and AIDS spread through the same means (Drucker, 1985). The question of how to note when employees are motivated or not has been posed by many scholars.There are many signs of employees who are not motivated. Under performance and low morale are the most common of the signs. One of the reasons for underperformance is when one is not given the right job to do. As Frederick Herzberg puts it people should be given good job to do if the manager expects the job to be done well. Employees should therefore be employed in places where they are professions. He gives example of a person who is a marketer by profession being employed as an accountant. Some employees get demotivated because personal issues. These include family and relationship complications that one may be facing. In such cases, the employees should be given some time off to compose themselves. This because the chances of making mistakes are very high when one is in such condition. Highly motivated employees produce maximum output. They work very hard and tirelessly. Such employees are always in their best moods, they great each other and at least smile. Psychologists believe that employees have a basic need to feel appreciated. It is therefore important to appreciate what employees do to put them in the right mood. Psychologists have also stated that most employees hate managers who shout at them. Good leadership skills are therefore very important in motivating employees. Managers should democratic as good leaders. This will motivate the workers because democracy means employee participation in decision making. This will make the employees to feel part of the organisation which enhances their morale at work. To improve this relationship, the office of the manager should be free at all times to all employees who want to air there views. Managers should also not victimize employees for their views even if they are against policies of the company (Gatner and Shaver, 1994). There are also other ways of motivating employees apart from giving them money. Many Organisations give promotion to their employees as a way of motivating them. Several factors are considered while giving promotions.The most common factor considered is the number of years one has worked with the Organization. Others base on performance and discipline of the employee at work. Improving working conditions is another way of motivating employees. This includes reducing hours of work and making the rules and regulations bearable. Employers can also motivate their workers by making working environment better. They can do this by purchasing new machines and by installing new technologies in their firms. When the machines are efficient and fast, employees will enjoy working on them. This is a motivation because output is increased which makes the employee more happy. Organisations can also give their employees some time off to relax their minds. This includes weekend offs and leaves. They should also be given some time off during public holidays (Kiezner, 2010). This will motivate the employees because they get sometimes to spend with their families. It also gives the employees time do their personal duties. Workers who go on duty on such holidays should also be paid bonus as onetime. This is a good motivation as the bonus is normally double the normal pay.Giving praises and commending employees for work well done is also a motivation. This will encourage them to work even harder and better. It is human nature to feel motivated if they feel they are appreciated. What Does Money Mean in Life? Money brings the hope and satisfaction that one is in apposition to have a roof to shelter his or her head, the capability of one to stay warm and the confidence of having the next meal on the table. Having a home means that one has to incur costs every minute and to do so one has to have money. The cost of maintaining a home is part of everyone life and that is not going to change in any time in future. When people go shopping, money motivates them to try and save through buying the best commodities using the little money we can to have the best available commodities before them. There exist many luxuries sold with big price tags which promise the common man ease and comfort of satisfying the day today responsibilities. For one to make life easier, the common man is always motivated to spare the little money before them and let go of the luxuries in their life. The idea to have cash kept away for future tasks such as retirement motivate people to have savings and make investments. It is the nature of man to expect money to earn more money while they sit and do nothing about that. Though people do invest because they are motivated to have more money, it is not safe but because of the current recession in every part of the world, people take risks with the hope of gaining more money. Some people believe that having liquid cash with them is a risk thus they are motivated to invest as away of saving it. Most people during their lives as workers are motivated to open saving accounts so as to ensure that they have financial security in future. Thus the need of having money in future motivate people to engage in many income oriented activities in an effort to achieve current and future financial security. There is no individual who wishes to have fixed income everyday that would force them to cut down the daily needs and pleasures due to the absence of enough money. The cost incurred to meet the basic needs in life such as education, motivates people to spare money to meet the children fees in futture. Money always motivates people to make the most of the available resources including the money they have. No matter how comfortable most people may get, they never get satisfied of what they have, they are always motivated with the pleasures they earn out of having money to even work harder to earn more money so that they continue enjoying the pleasure and have even more. Money motivates people to make future plans and meet the never ending efforts to have better budgets in future. It is the demand of money to satisfy almost everything that motivates people to engage in different activities. The deepest desires of a person are normally brought to the surface by money. It motivates every individual as it is a means of bringing their dreams to fulfillment. Money always inspires people to try move to the next possible level that come their way (Kobia and Sikalieh, 2010). As money can be considered to be a blessing to many, it is also a curse to some people. Just the way it brings success to some people, it results to great failure to others. It inspires people from different backgrounds and race to engage in both bad and good things. It has proved to be one of the most basic needs in the life of people and due to this position, it has come out as being a cause of controversy. Money is a product that is tangible and brings out the worst and best in people from different shades of life. Both women and men are in love with money so much that they can do or sacrifice anything to gain it. This can go to the extend of hurting or killing others. Money is a desirable product when it is put in proper use. However, when an individual desires to gain the money supercedes every other important thing, it ends up being dangerous. Money should be considered as a consequent of a positive action. It has to be regarded as a bonus in life of people. People can engage in any type of work if they are not specialized in that filed or even if they dont like it just to gain money. When one has money, he or she can have most of things done in life. This motivates every person to work even harder so as to assume such position. Money makes life smoother but this should not compromise the morality of an individual. Some people are willing to go to the extend of selling their souls for the sake of money. Money Motivates People to Gain Wealth Everyone wants good health, wealth and happiness in abundance. Money is the basic motivator for people to have good health, wealth and happiness. Though money cannot buy happiness, it meets the material needs that are responsible for making people happy. Money is the only means of purchasing anything an individual believes will be a source of happiness. People desire to have material things like homes, cars and boats are basically motivated by cash. People strive to have bank accounts that are large and engage in whatever it will take them to gain more money rewards in their business or at work. Individuals who seek money by the desire of pursuing their passion are motivated to make more money to ensure that their desires come to pass. The passion of being whatever one wants motivates them to work harder than usual in order to have the desires come to pass. This does not mean the person is motivated by greed but the passion to meet his or her desire. It can be argued that money is the root of evil as it is believed by many because it is through money that people gain the basic needs in life like shelter, medicine, clothes and insurance. These are not evil things but necessities. The current lifestyle demands that most of the things people need have to be purchased with some currency. With the demands of the necessities in most peoples lives, they have to be motivated to earn the money so that they access the basic needs in life. The love people have for money is what motivates them as that is their source of happiness. The motivation to have more money can be considered to be a secondary motivation to the primary needs of having other things like food, clothes and decent homes. Money in life means that an individual has the means of accessing the services and goods that are necessary in achieving their goals. Money also steps in as a pay for the items that are necessary in meeting personal basic needs. Every person is motivated to have more income so as to turn their dreams to reality. Motivation and money are related inversely thus one cannot do without the other (Mintzberg, 2000). How Money Motivates Employees The performances and motivation are complex issues in any life context and are affected by a number of factors. The role money plays in motivation cannot efficiently take the place of the role of management in ensuring that the employees meet the organizations performance expectations. Other people believe that money cannot step in to motivate employees and that is true regarding some employees but the truth is that a large percentage of employees in most of the work places are motivated by their income. Statistics carried out on the same issue show that employees are motivated by money many to a degree that can be said to be moderate while the most fall under the great degree. Money does not necessary change the behavior of the employees at the work place in relation to motivation but directs their behavior to tending towards being motivated. Jobs that fetch more money compared to the others attract more applicants and more qualified personnel. Pay rises are also seen to motivate the employees to work harder as compared to workers who have been receiving the same amount of salary for along period of time. Employees tend to perform better on overtimes as that earns them extra cash to the basic salary they earn. Workers are also seen to be active on activities such as work field trips and meetings which earn them allowances. Thus the employees tend to be motivated by the extra activities they do in the work places that earn them extra money (Conklin, 2000). Conclusion Money can arguably be considered as one of the basic needs in life. It is through money that people gain access to the basic needs and even the luxuries. It is the desire of life satisfaction that motivates people to work to have more money as the more money a person has the more satisfaction come their way. Thus money motivates most of the activities done by many people as it determines what an individual has or what he or she cannot access. However, such motivation should be in such away that it gets the better an individual morality is in some cases, most people are motivated to engage in evil activities in an effort to gain money thus supporting the saying that money is the source of evil. 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Sunday, October 20, 2019
Maggie Lena Walker
Maggie Lena Walker Overview Maggie Lena Walker once said, I am of the opinion [that] if we can catch the vision, in a few years we shall be able to enjoy the fruits from this effort and its attendant responsibilities, through untold benefits reaped by the youth of the race. Walker was the first American womanof any raceto be a bank president and inspired African-Americans to become  self-sufficient entrepreneurs. As a follower of Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of cast down your bucket where you are, Walker was a lifelong resident of Richmond, working to bring change to African-Americans throughout Virginia. Achievements First American woman to establish and be appointed as a bank president. Established the St. Luke Herald, a local African-American newspaper. Early Life In 1867, Walker was born Maggie Lena Mitchell in Richmond, Va. Her parents, Elizabeth Draper Mitchell and father, William Mitchell, were both former slaves who were emancipated through the thirteenth amendment. Walkers mother was an assistant cook and her father was a butler in a mansion owned by the abolitionist Elizabeth Van Lew. Following the death of her father, Walker took on a number of jobs to help support her family.  By 1883, Walker graduated at the top of her class. That same year, she began teaching at the Lancaster School. Walker also attended the school, taking classes in accounting and business. Walker taught at the Lancaster School for three years before accepting a job as a secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke in Richmond, an organization that assisted sick and elderly members of the community. Entrepreneur While working for the Order of St. Luke, Walker was appointed secretary-treasurer of the organization. Under Walkers leadership, the organizations membership increased tremendously by encouraging African-American women to save their money. Under Walkers tutelage, the organization purchased an office building for $100,000 and increased the staff to more than fifty employees. In 1902, Walker established the St. Luke Herald, an African-American newspaper in Richmond. Following the successes of the St. Luke Herald, Walker established the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank. By doing so, Walker became the first women in the United States to found a bank. The goal of the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank was to provide loans to members of the community. In 1920, the bank helped members of the community purchase an estimated 600 houses. The success of the bank helped the Independent Order of St. Luke continue to grow. In 1924, it was reported that the order had 50,000 members, 1500 local chapters, and estimated assets of at least $400,000. During the Great Depression, St. Luke Penny Savings merged with two other banks in Richmond to become The Consolidated Bank and Trust Company. Walker served as chairperson of the board. Community Activist Walker was an avid fighter for the rights of not only African-Americans, but women as well. In 1912, Walker helped establish the Richmond Council of Colored Women and was elected as the organizations president. Under Walkers leadership, the organization raised money to support Janie Porter Barretts Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls as well as other philanthropic endeavors. Walker was also a member of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), the International Council of Women of the Darker Races, the National Association of Wage Earners, National Urban League, the Virginia Interracial Committee and the Richmond chapter of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Honors and Awards Throughout Walkers life, she was honored for her efforts as a community builder. In 1923, Walker was the recipient of an honorary Masters degree from Virginia Union University. Walker was inducted in to the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2002. In addition, the City of Richmond named a street, theatre and high school in Walkers honor. Family and Marriage In 1886, Walker married her husband, Armistead, an African-American contractor. The Walkers had two sons named Russell and Melvin.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Culture Diversity between Saudi and Indian Cultures Assignment
Culture Diversity between Saudi and Indian Cultures - Assignment Example The Indian culture is probably one of the oldest and most unique cultures. Various parts of India, the south, north and northeast have distinct cultures of their own. From the interview, one would get to learn that in the various states of India, almost every state has created its own cultural niche. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia is also a rich culture which has mainly been shaped by the Islamic religion. Trade has also played a great role in enriching Arabian culture ever since the ancient time, as well as, its Bedouin traditions. In India religion is the way of life. Their religious beliefs and practices play a huge role in the culture and traditions of the Indian people (Hardy 69). However, the Indian society has really not changed. On the contrary, the Saudi society has gone through many developments over the years. The people of Saudi Arabia have with time dropped their traditions and values, their customs, their style of dressing and hospitality and adopted the modern way of doing things (Hardy 73). On the other hand, Indians up to date, still upholds their style of dressing, performing daily rituals and customs. The greatest similarity between the two is that their cultures are based mainly on the religion. For Indians, it is a pure religion while for Saudis it is Islam and Arab culture intertwined. Both Indian and Saudis are very welcoming to strangers, friends and family. In addition, Indians have many religions which include: Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Islam, Christianity and Zoroastrian religions, while, Islam is the main religion for the people of Saudi Arabia. There exist a small percentage of Christians and Hindus who are primarily noncitizens from other countries (Hardy 77). In addition, to that Hindus are not allowed to worship in Saudi Arabia. Conversion from Islam to another religion could result in a death sentence as punishment. However, in India, Hinduism is the main religion with over eight percent of the population being Hindu. Buddhism is the second most popular religion whereas Islam is the leading religion in India.
Individual marketing article analysis which happened in 2012 Essay
Individual marketing article analysis which happened in 2012 - Essay Example This is realized from the different point of views as per different analysts of firms with interest in IPOs and general investments. Hersey (1991) argues that there is no much news expected even with companies tying their best within a week. The earliest that this could occur is December 17th with series of meetings so as to interact with potential investors. This has been caused by the new rules, which governs the process of going public. Another hindrance is Christmas, which will come in the middle of marketing and may last for at least one week. The presidential elections also interfered with many companies, which could have had deals before the end of the year. Gaiman (2009) argues, however, not all of the companies had this, there were exemptions who pitched shares just a day after voting due to high levels of confidence in gaining potential customers attention, according to the chief financial officer. It still remains tricky to strike deals before the end of the year. There is a backlog of companies who have signed IPOs initial documents waiting processing but still having the lowest recorded dollar value of IPOs backlog, since the year 2009. Lomborg (2012) argues, however, according to the new laws grading IPOs, companies will have their planning confidentially. Those with an annual revenue less than one billion US dollars will have submissions of prospectus done out of public view. This would remain for at least twenty one days before the company sets off. It has been argued that deals can be underway before the public get a glimpse of the idea (Walter & Howei, 2012). This is not what is reflected by the silence in the markets. Many companies have already put up terms on offer or some have had their deals postponed after pitching to investors. A possibility is that the companies could decide to enter the fray quickly. This may come as a surprise to many who are not aware of what is happening. A typical
Friday, October 18, 2019
Lasers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Lasers - Essay Example Some great things such as military targets and x-ray in medicine have been boosted greatly. This essay discusses lasers in various aspects including its applications in the daily life operations. Application of lasers is just too amazing especially how its unique features are applied in the everyday life. There are wide range of lasers such as unusual ones used commercially that include remote sensing and the ones used in diagnosing images. There are conventional lasers that include optical gain medium put in between two mirrors and pumped by an external source of light and emits bouncing light. This is very similar in other states such as liquids and solids where emissions of light from atoms are triggered thus forcing light to travel to form laser beam. These lasers always have optical cavities that help them in their function (Svelto & Hanna 80-100). It is obvious that lasers emit light via optical amplification due to emission that is motivated from electromagnetic energy but it should be noted that lasers are different from other sources of light. Light in laser is emitted articulately and makes light to be pointed at a particular spot which is very useful in performing their functions such as cutting and lithography. Laser’s coherence keeps their beams collimated in lengthy place thus making the laser pointers to operate as well as high degree of temporal coherence enabling narrow spectrum and pulses emissions. Lasers serve numerous functions that include measurement of range and speed, widely used in media entertainments and other vital applications in scientific research. What makes laser even more interesting is the output which is the narrow that is as a result of diffraction limited. It is also amazing that the laser beams can be directed to small points while obtaining a great level of irradiance or even powerfully concentrated to a point at a further distance. Time duration of a laser beam and its position depends on the purpose and function of the laser however it is worth noting that some lasers produce a wide spectrum of light (Svelto & Hanna 505-516). Lasers include of a gain media which provides energy due to its ability to magnify light by inspired emission and the other object that act as an optical feedback. The gain medium is so unique and interesting because it increases the power of light after it has gained energy from another source and this process is called pumping. Energy supplied to the gain medium may be through flash light or may be another laser and is supplied as an electrical currents or light with wavelength that differs. Many lasers get their feedback from optical cavity which involves a couple of mirrors where light bounces in between the mirrors as it goes through the gain medium as it gets amplified every other time. The mirrors have different purposes where one of them acts as an output coupler which is somewhat clear making some light to go through although this property depends on design o f the cavity. From the explanations, it is important to note that lasers come in different shapes and sizes depending on the functions they are designed to (Steen & Mazumder 25-40). Laser light have so many things that make it different from other types of light which makes it important and very useful. Laser light is considered to be highly monochromatic due to the fact that it has a single definite
The Efforts Put in by Roosevelt in the Building of the United States Case Study
The Efforts Put in by Roosevelt in the Building of the United States - Case Study Example Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born in the year 1882 on the 30th of January in Hyde Park which is located in the city of New York. He was the son of James and Sara Roosevelt. He studies at Harvard College and studied law at the Columbia Law School. He was a lawyer by profession. He got married to Anna Eleanor in the year 1905. Franklin Roosevelt entered politics following the footsteps of his cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt. He was a Democrat and became actively involved in politics. In the year 1910 and again in 1912, he became elected as a member of the Senate of New York. In the year 1913, he was given the role of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy by President Wilson. He played a crucial part in the preparedness of the forces of the United States for the First World War. He was known for his hard work and strength that he put in for the completion of his roles by the members of the Democratic Party. Owing to his good position in the party, in the year 1920, he was nominated for the position of the Vice President by the Democratic Party (WhiteHouse.gov; Miller Center). The year 1921 was a difficult year for Roosevelt as he was diagnosed with the crippling disease of polio. With the assistance of his loved ones as well as self-motivation and courage, Roosevelt managed to rise from the illness and recover. He gained his strength and joined politics again in the year 1928. His success upon his return could be assessed by the fact that he became the Governor of New York in the same year.
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Taxation Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Taxation Law - Essay Example It is important to note that perpetual form of employment has some elements of a contractual type. This is because both parties have to agree on work done, how it is to be done, remuneration among other things. There are several factors that should be deeply looked at when determining whether one is an employee or is self-employed. Top among those factors is the Terms of Employment. It is important to analyse the substance of a contract rather than only look at its wording. In Ferguson v Dawson1 the judge found that workers would be self-employed only and would thus avoid deduction of income tax and insurance from their salaries. Plaintiff worked on the defendant’s building site. He argued that he was an employee when he suffered an injury and could recover damages for breach of statutory duties. The judge held that the actual nature of their relationship was that of an employer/employee and plaintiff could recover damages. It is essential that courts exercise their power in a keen way. This ensures that they cannot be abused when the plaintiff wishes to be compensated whilst he had readily chosen to be employed as an independent contractor in order to avoid tax. Sebastian is under no legal or contractual obligation to accept any of the projects offered and, therefore, no contract exists between him and Giga Systems Limited. Control is also a factor that should be considered in trying to make out the existence of the employer/employee relationship. In a typical master/servant relationship, the master has total control over the actions of his servant. Bramwell LJ in Yewenes v Noakes2 stated: The control can be seen in employment relationships where the employer exercises total control over the actions of his employee. It, therefore, emerges that such a relationship exists where an employer tells his employee what to do and how to do it. While the test may still be in use, it appears to be outdated. This is due to the simple reason that
Licensing Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Licensing Agreement - Essay Example This is considered to be the first step of intellectual property. This report will identify issues that Alarmz ltd might face by entering into an agreement with a Brazilian company and how identified problems might be overcome. Introduction Alarmz Ltd is a company that prides itself with the use of technologically updated car alarms five years running. We deliver and fit the top brands in car alarms including Clifford, Cobra, Hornet, Viper, Avital, Laserline and Autowatch and all forms of car alarm, parking sensors, audio, hid lighting etc. We also fit car accessories at amazingly low prices. Our specialty includes remote start and 2way car alarms and our clients are guaranteed excellent results. With the increase in car thefts and faulty vehicle tracking devices, there is a need to ensure that cars have well manufactured and functioning alarms. This has led to our company, Alarmz Ltd to create ideas for the manufacture of a new tamper proof alarm. This alarm will be designed in a wa y that minimizes chances of tampering by people who have malicious intentions with the car. This alarm system will have features that will be different from other market alarms. In this quest, we were able to identify the Brazilian Company Redfern Integrated Optics (RIO) Inc as our preferred manufacturer. RIO Inc. is a company that is well known for the manufacture and development of optical and subsystems based on Planar External Cavity Laser Technology (PLANEX). It distributes exclusive price-performance returns in energy, security, infrastructure, metrology, and other markets. The qualities of products produced by RIO Inc are the best so far in the market. Cases of dissatisfaction by customers have been minimal. The distribution of their products is on a wide area scale, as they have adequate transportation that oversees distribution. This is therefore, the better option we have identified to work with as a manufacturing company. There is a need for Alarmz Ltd to enter into a lic ensing agreement with RIO Inc. A licensing agreement is necessary because, our company needs to protect its intellectual and invention rights. Since our company came up with an idea and wants to make the product a reality, we still need to have rights over the product as the inventors. Alarmz ltd will need to increase its revenue, and the product can do that. Making a licensing agreement ensures that Alarmz ltd; the original inventors of the product enjoy the benefits of the product and are involved when an increase of price for the product is needed. A licensing agreement will enable our company to increase visibility and access to our product under a trademark with RIO Inc. A licensing agreement will enable the product to bring attention to our company. This is an intellectual property that can become symbolic, when shared and used in the right way. Alarmz ltd needs to be careful in entering a licensing agreement and adequate research should be done before with adequate legal guid ance. The agreement is contractual between Alarmz ltd and RIO Inc., or any other company that we may choose to do business. In this agreement, RIO Inc. can exploit our product, process and manufacture it, but obliged to pay us royalty from the sale of the product. The licensing agreements will give Alarmz ltd enjoyment of benefits that will be achieved by the production and sale of the alarm. In creating a licensing agreement, we will give limitations to RIO Inc, who is not the
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Taxation Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Taxation Law - Essay Example It is important to note that perpetual form of employment has some elements of a contractual type. This is because both parties have to agree on work done, how it is to be done, remuneration among other things. There are several factors that should be deeply looked at when determining whether one is an employee or is self-employed. Top among those factors is the Terms of Employment. It is important to analyse the substance of a contract rather than only look at its wording. In Ferguson v Dawson1 the judge found that workers would be self-employed only and would thus avoid deduction of income tax and insurance from their salaries. Plaintiff worked on the defendant’s building site. He argued that he was an employee when he suffered an injury and could recover damages for breach of statutory duties. The judge held that the actual nature of their relationship was that of an employer/employee and plaintiff could recover damages. It is essential that courts exercise their power in a keen way. This ensures that they cannot be abused when the plaintiff wishes to be compensated whilst he had readily chosen to be employed as an independent contractor in order to avoid tax. Sebastian is under no legal or contractual obligation to accept any of the projects offered and, therefore, no contract exists between him and Giga Systems Limited. Control is also a factor that should be considered in trying to make out the existence of the employer/employee relationship. In a typical master/servant relationship, the master has total control over the actions of his servant. Bramwell LJ in Yewenes v Noakes2 stated: The control can be seen in employment relationships where the employer exercises total control over the actions of his employee. It, therefore, emerges that such a relationship exists where an employer tells his employee what to do and how to do it. While the test may still be in use, it appears to be outdated. This is due to the simple reason that
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Field Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Field Research - Essay Example First, the resin is melted ( bead-like ) and Repro. The Stards are used to melt the Repro. Then, they are blown up into cylinders until they bubble up to the top of the machine. Once they are on the top, they are flattened using various rollers. After which, when everything has been flattened, these are rolled around a roll of cardboard on a metal rod. Finally, the bar is taken off a plug is placed on one end. The plastic would be now wrapped and multiple rolls would be placed standing right up on a skid. Again, they would be wrapped in plastic and properly labeled, then placed in a box. They would then be sent to the warehouse for shipping and classified as finished goods. It is also important to note that the colors are melted one at a time during the beginning of the process. This goes on daily because operations is 24/7. Over-all, there are 32 machines that produce the rolls. The maintenance for the machinery is done annually where the machines are cleaned thoroughly. The machine s are really big so cleaning them for a day would not suffice. The cleaning of these machines are scheduled on holidays so operations would not be affected. Demand for BEMIS products are high so the company cannot afford to lose productive time. I also observed that one roll can be easily made in as short as half an hour or more. Bigger rolls, however, need more time and can take as much as four to five hours. On the average, the machines produce 40†rolls in 40 hours. In a daily basis, the rolls produced equals to 540-550 pounds. To be able to achieve this high level of productivity, BEMIS operates for 24 hours. There are 100 employees distributed to work on four different shifts. Indeed, one can’t help admiring the whole process of production as everything is synchronized to meet the buyer’s demands or specifications. Come to think of it, the products of BEMIS are very many so efficiency is very important. BEMIS can meet all these challenges because it continue s to innovate itself and prioritize product research. The second part of this paper deals with the logistics of the products. Due to the high-volume of products produced in a daily basis, the logistics section is very busy. There are also times when companies would require extra orders during peak seasons which makes logistics very challenging. The pallets are often termed units for shipping purposes. A single pallet weighs 800 to 1,000 pounds. On a very busy day, there are one million pounds shipped to different buyers. A truck can carry as much as 40,000 pounds worth of pallets. Friday is considered the busiest day of the week so 18 trucks (scheduled and unscheduled ) are available for use on this day. It if it’s just an average day, only 600,00-700,000 pounds are shipped by BEMIS to its buyers. Normally, it takes 30-40 minutes to load the products on a truck. Safety measures are put in place to avoid any accidents. These are the procedures in loading a truck: 1. Get releas e. It is important for processors to know the pertinent details of the shipment. They must declare truthfully the type of products loaded on the truck which would be declared as soon as the buyers receive them. Details such as time of shipping, weight, quantity and other special instructions are contained in the documents like the Bill of Lading. 2. The next step involves pulling or staging pallets to the shipping area. The men driving the forklift and
Monday, October 14, 2019
Important information Essay Example for Free
Important information Essay Unstructured Interviews are a method of interviews where questions can be twisted or adapted to meet the interviewee intelligence, understanding or belief. They do not offer a limited, pre-set range of answers for a respondent to choose from as by structured interviews, but instead like listening to how each individual person responds to the question. â€Å" The emphasis here is on acquiring deep knowledge and authenticity of peoples life experiences â€Å" (Gubrium and Holstein, 2001) . Unstructured Interviews have a lot of set backs as compared with structured interviews, which make this stlye invalid and unreliable,some of these are ; . Unstructured interviews are time consuming as the conversation can go on and on,there is interviewer effect, this is when the interviewee answer is effected by the interviewer presence of the due to either his/her race, ethnicity, colour, or answer to certain questions, the information collected is prone to digression and much of the data collected could be unnecessary,unstructured interviews are usually small scale so it is hard to generalise with the results as only a small number of the interviewees can be interviewed, data collected is hard to categorise as there is likely to be a variety of different answers, coding will require more work when choosing categories for the respondents. Unstructured interviews has continued to be used by many employers since the data collect is said to be valid as it is an exact account of what the interviewee has said, the interviewer can also find out important information which didnt seem relevant before the interview and ask the interviewee to go further into the new topic,unstructured interviews are also more suitable for sensitive subjects such as domestic violence†(http://en. wikipedia. org ) as many people would lie in a more formal interview and also their answer may not be on the preset questioner . â€Å" Often, the subject matter is personal, intimate and emotional, and the objective is to achieve some kind of deep disclosure â€Å"(Johnson, 2001) In general structure or unstructured interviews depend wholely on the the interviewer Refference 1) http://en. wikipedia. org 2) (Gubrium and Holstein, 2001) . 3) â€Å"(Johnson, 2001).
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Role of the IOC and the Council of Europe in anti-doping policy. :: essays research papers
Role of the IOC and the Council of Europe in anti-doping policy. Anti-Doping policy has altered from concerning a small group of governing bodies and countries to a large global affair in the last 40 years. This has encouraged development of series of international agreements, development of series of international agreements, the establishment of new global forums (World Anti-Doping Agency) and the commitment of many millions of dollars of public and government body funding. Up to the late 80s, anti-doping policies among major sporting countries could be seen falling into 1 of 3 categories: -     1) small number countries – inc. France Belgium Scandinavian states where Gov. actively pursuing anti doping strategy -     2) larger amount of passive countries such as the US and West Germany, did not treat doping as priority for public policy due to either lack of resources or to reluctance to investigate own sports system in case it jeopardized their increasing int. success (such as Australia + Canada) -     3) most significant group which included former East Germany and Soviet Union. The Gov. actively colluded in doping of its international athletes. 40 years ago there was no testing and little discussion of drug abuse within sport, so the doping issue is very recent and policy solutions have only been introduced recently as well. Evolution of AD can b traced along 4 main dimensions -     Clarification of policy focus -     Generation and maintenance of political commitment -     Technology development -     The establishment of the necessary resource infrastructure Where the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Council of Europe come in: A series of high profile scandals in early to mid 60s forced issue on agenda of government and sports bodies. The IOC had been wary of government interest and involvement in sport and Olympic sport and they then established Medical commission in 61 and in 62, they decide they would take a stand against doping in sports. the Convention of European Sport Governing Bodies was scheduled for January 1963, at which a definition of doping was set up. This was adopted by the IOC: This early attempt at defining the problem was the start of a period of discussion by all key bodies interested in doping. Drug testing began around the same time as this convention. But it wasn’t until 5 years later that it re-established and reinvigorated the Medical Commission with a bright to advise the IOC and to oversee development policy. In 1966, 5 cyclists at the World Road Racing Champs refused to give urine sample.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Great Expectations by Charles
Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens `Lord of the Flies`, by William Golding was written in 1954 almost a century after Charles Dickens wrote `Great Expectations`, in 1860. Both of the novels are considered as being classics and have been made into films and the books while seeming completely different do have similarities although they are in different social, historical and cultural settings. The frameworks of the books are completely different, `Lord of the Flies` starts as a traditional boy's adventure story like `Coral Island`, by R.M. Ballantyne, however it is subverted to a dark, menacing story about how people behave when the constraints of society are removed. The island is a microcosm of society, and in the book we see examples of hierarchy, the social divide, human nature, and how the boys, with no adults, start to rely on their basic savage instincts. `Great Expectations` is mainly about the divides between the rich and the poor, a popular theme in the Victorian times as the industrial revolution had broadened and highlighted the divide, however both books do reflect on society, and the weakness of human nature. Both the books, while having a traditional framework, have an original element. Not many memoirs are as strange and varied as Pip's, and not many boy's adventure stories turn as dark and menacing as Golding's novel. In the opening chapters the settings of the books are contrasting, in `Lord of the Flies`, the boys are in tropical splendor, (the pool) "It was clear to the bottom and bright with the efflorescence of tropical weed and coral" (pg 17), while in `Great Expectations` the opening chapter is set in a graveyard, which is dank a... ...agwitch in his torn, coarse and disheveled state, "A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briars; who limped". From this the reader can see that, although the opening chapters of both novels seem completely unrelated, in fact when the reader looks more closely, many parallels can be seen. For example though the settings are very diverse, one being a wind swept moor, and the other being a tropical island, both are menacing. Although these books were written almost a century apart, and at first seem to be on different topics, many of the key features are the same, and many of the characters posses similar qualities.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Competitive Strategies That Accenture Use Essay
Based on the sources gained, Accenture is practicing a competitive strategy which is differentiation strategy. Differentiation strategy is to offer products or services that are unique and superior value compared to the competitors but to target wide market. Accenture is a company that provides global consulting management services, technology services and outsourcing services to 257000 clients in more than 120 countries. Accenture is expertise in consulting management strategies to all types of Business Company. They always try to improve their performance to advance their clients. They operating and formulate new strategies to meet client’s business goals. Accenture helps their clients around the world enter new markets, increasing revenue in existing markets, improve their operational performance and deliver their products and services more effectively and efficiently by providing their services. Besides that, Accenture tries to enhance in outsourcing business recently because Accenture says that it is a wider market for the business going forward. This will make Accenture not only focus on one part of business, but going to service wider market of clients. Because of Accenture provides many types of services, we can indicate that Accenture aims to provide services to a wide market. Why we say that Accenture is providing unique and superior services to their clients? It is because Accenture works with their clients to understand the inside working procedure of the company, analyse their company, assess the business operating performance, define the business case, design the operating model strategy and explain to the clients to help them to achieve the goals. It has shown that Accenture designs the management strategies to the company based on different companies and finds the best way to help them improve their performance. For example, Accenture introduce an approach, called Value-Driven Business Process Management (BPM). It is a process that helps companies to realise their mistake immediately, correct the process of work and measure the result easily. It is an Accenture’s unique combination of skills, approaches, assets and tools to result the value quickly, gives a measurable result and tries to bring out a longer life BPM solution than other companies’ while they only provide assistance with specific elements of BPM. That is why Accenture can easily differentiate with other competitors, trusted by clients all around the world and have a good public praise.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Domestic Violence and Ethical Dilemma Worksheet Essay
1.What is the ethical issue or problem? Identify the issue succinctly. The ethical issue that the police officers did not visibly see the husband drive his car they only suspect that he did so therefor they cannot arrest him on a DUI 2.What are the most important facts? Which facts have the most bearing on the ethical decision presented? Include any important potential economic, social, or political pressures, and exclude inconsequential facts. The most important facts would be what the police officers observed. The husband staggering up to the door him also is fumbling with his keys the hood of the car being warm. In addition to the husband being visible intoxicated with slurred speech and failing a sobriety test. However the most important factor is officer Nixon’s experience and him being able to provide probable cause for an arrest. 3.Identify each claimant (key actor) who has an interest in the outcome of this ethical issue. From the perspective of the moral agentâ€â€the individual contemplating an ethical course of actionâ€â€what obligation is owed to the claimant? Why? Claimant (key actor)Obligation (owed to the claimant)Perspective (What does the claimant hope will happen?) HusbandJusticesThe husband will try to avoid being arrested and possible prosecuted for domestic violence and driving under the influence. Wife Fidelity May not want her husband being arrested however she would like to feel safe in her own home. In addition, she does not want her husband to hurt someone or kill them while he is driving drunk. Officer NixonFidelity Wants to be able to protect the wife from her abusive husband and the citizens. However in his oath he took he needs to follow the law. Officer RookBeneficenceWould be the same as officer Nixon however with him being new on the job his decision in this situation could affect his future decisions. Citizens of the communityFidelityCitizens want to feel safe in their community.
Desegragation of Schools
President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation freed the black people from the bondage of slavery. Shortly after Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Congress passed three Constitutional amendments and four Civil Rights acts securing Negro rights. In 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that it was not wrong for a state to use discriminatory seating practices on public transportation and that each state may require segregation on public transportation. It sustained the transportation law that ordered separate but equal transportation facilities for blacks and whites.The Supreme Court went on to make several other significant decisions sanctioning racial segregation in other circumstances and in other places. The Supreme Court subsequently ruled to authorize racially segregated schools. Prior to the Brown decision, there were significant Supreme Court decisions in this country in the 1930’s and the 1940’s through which blacks gained important civil rights. Blacks were admitted to white Law Schools. White Primaries were outlawed. Racially restrictive covenants in real estate sales were voided. In 1954, the renowned case, Brown v. Board of Education was decided.The Supreme Court declared segregated schools were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. It called for the elimination of discrimination in all public schools. Because the Supreme Court focused on the race issue in public schools, so did the nation. In 1955, Brown v. Board of Education II was decided. The court ruled that blacks need not be immediately admitted to pubic schools on a racially nondiscriminatory basis, but that school boards should eliminate segregation â€Å"with all deliberate speed. †In the South, there was massive resistance to the desegregation of schools.For the next ten years after the Brown I and II decisions the Supreme Court took an inconspicuous position. In 1965-1966 Judge John Minor Wisdom from the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals made three decisions that transformed the face of school desegregation law. The three cases were Singleton v. Jackson I and II and U. S. v. Jefferson County Board of Education. The critical premise set forth in these decisions was that school boards had a positive duty to integrate, not merely to stop segregating. U. S. v. Jefferson County Board of Education was one of the most important school desegregation decisions.It was a remedial decree which outlined in detail specifically how school districts were to equalize educational opportunity. This decision foretold of a level of judicial involvement in local education that would have been unimaginable at the time of the Brown decisions. In 1968, the U. S. Supreme Court decided in Green v. County School Board that the school board had the responsibility of affirmative action integration and that it must assume that responsibility immediately. The Court said that school boards would be judged on performance, not on promises or paper.The performance of school boards was to rely on statistical evidence. In 1969, the issue of faculty assignments was addressed in the Supreme Court in U. S. v. Montgomery County (Alabama) Board of Education. The Court set forth a racial ratio of teachers in the school district using quantitative standards. This decision marked the first time the Supreme Court sanctioned the inclusion of affirmative numerical goals in a school desegregation remedy. It was an overdue attempt to give the lower courts and school boards positive guidance as to what faculty desegregation required.Also in 1969, Alexander v. Holmes (Mississippi) Board of Education ordered school systems to integrate no later than February 1970. Eventually, this deadline was extended for years. In that same year the Court, in Carter v. West Feliciana Parish School Board, scolded the school board for delaying student desegregation. In 1970, the Supreme Court decided Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg (Virginia) Board of Edu cation. This was the first decision made by the Supreme Court during the Nixon administration with the two new Chief Justices who were Nixon appointees.In this first decision, written by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, one of President Nixon’s nominees, the court found Charlotte-Mecklenburg out of compliance with Green. The Court adopted the Finger Plan, a plan proposed by Dr. John Finger, an expert witness in the case selected by the Court. The Finger Plan was to result in schools throughout the system ranging, ideally, between nine and thirty eight percent black enrollment. These percentages were not an absolute, but a goal. It involved busing an additional thirteen thousand students and buying over one hundred new school buses.Start up costs to implement this plan were over one million dollars, with annual operating expenses of over one half of a million dollars. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg laid the framework for all future court decisions involving busing. It also impl emented the Green decision. Basically, it said that if a school district is found to be in constitutional violation, an appropriate remedy must be implemented. In 1974, the Swann case was closed, leaving the constitutional operation of the schools to the Board of Education.In 1970, Senator John Stennis of Mississippi and other Southern Senators proposed that new federal desegregation guidelines be enforced uniformly across the country. The Stennis amendment was adopted by the Senate. During the 1960’s, urban schools in the North and the South were untouched by the Courts. The Courts had been concentrating on the rural South. The 1960’s had seen a great migration of rural Southern blacks to Northern cities. In the early 1960’s, three fourths of all blacks in the United States lived in urban areas. The north had its own way of distancing blacks, ghettos.In the South, there was de jure segregation of schools, which is segregation of schools required by law. In the North, there was defacto segregation of schools, which is segregation of schools due to residential segregation. In 1972, the Supreme Court heard its first northern and western case, Keyes v. School District No. 1 (Denver, Colorado). The court found the school district guilty of subtle racism. The remedy that the Court implemented was the busing of six thousand more students. Many elementary school students went one half day to a segregated school and one half day to an integrated school.In 1974, Federal District Court Judge Garrity found that the Boston, Massachusetts School Committee was implementing a systematic program of segregation affecting all students, teachers and schools. The Court imposed the remedy of mandatory busing. This order created chaos and social upheaval in the city of Boston. In 1974, Milliken v. Bradley posed a question of remedy to the Supreme Court. The Federal District Court had found that the city of Detroit, Michigan was obstructing integration. The ques tion before the Court was could the Court use suburban students to desegregate inner city schools.The Court’s decision was that suburban students could not be used to desegregate inner city schools. It was a decision that gave priority to educational democracy over school integration. This decision upheld the right of the middle and upper classes, which are predominantly white, to flee the inner city to the suburbs and to educate their children in suburban schools. The segregation that occurred in Detroit’s urban school system was the result of segregated housing practices. This was the first major defeat of the pro-integrationist forces in the Supreme Court.It was the beginning of a continuing trend in the Supreme Court. School desegregation is unfinished business. The desegregation of schools has not significantly improved black students’ achievements, nor has it eliminated segregation in American society as a whole. Racism and prejudice continue to be a major problem in our country. Many problems with our current methods of desegregation of schools have become apparent. However, the United States is relatively inexperienced at the business of racial equality, since the desegregation of schools began just thirty four years ago with the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v.Board of Education. There are many points that need to be refined. Desegregated schools send a message of victory to the black community, that of equal protection under the law. However, community support of school desegregation as well as the attitudinal makeup of the individual and the influence of his family and peers are important factors that influence whether or not a child feels a sense of power. A child’s self esteem can be affected either positively or adversely by attendance at a desegregated school.A child’s self esteem depends on his social interactions and reflects others perceptions of him and of the organizations with which he is affil iated. A child’s self esteem is not effectively raised by attendance at a racially mixed school with a poor reputation, nor is it raised by attendance at a high status school where the child is looked down upon. Schools that are racially mixed and are located in naturally desegregated neighborhoods foster and heighten a child’s self esteem. A person’s sense of powerlessness is closely related to their comparison of their own deprivation as compared to others.A segregated black child has less awareness of his family’s low status in the mainstream of society than in a desegregated school where the student will become aware of how deprived he is in comparison to other students. The expectations of parents, teachers and friends also motivate the child. A child sees his performance through their eyes. He is also motivated by their expectations for him. In the ghetto school expectations are low. In a desegregated school, expectations are much higher, but not ne cessarily for the black, or bused, students.Higher teacher expectations can motivate students in any school. Assimilation of middle class ideas and values depends on how much a child is exposed to them. This is more an integration of the social classes than of race. The climate of the integrated group is an important factor in the assimilation of new values. A desegregated school does provide for exposure to different value systems. Attendance at a desegregated school not only exposes a child to different value systems but also changes his attitudes towards other races and classes. This is a process that takes time.Contact with other social classes of people and races of people and the knowledge of and familiarity with one another is the basis for overcoming prejudice. Prejudice is the pre-judgement, positive or negative, of another person on the basis of that person’s appearance, sex, race, ethnic background or any particular belief. As well as acquainting students with the history of school desegregation, I also wish to educate students as to the extreme prejudice and discrimination that blacks in the United States have been subjected to throughout our history. I want the students to have a knowledge of the segregation laws, also called Jim Crow Laws.This is a very painful part of our heritage that is omitted from history textbooks. I feel our inner city students should be educated about the history of their ancestors and about the continuing journey of blacks from slavery to equality. Segregation is the method of physically separating people by race. It was developed by whites after slavery was abolished with the purpose of confining and controlling blacks. In the North, slavery was abolished by the 1830’s. The free northern blacks could not be bought or sold. They could not be separated from their families. They couldn’t be legally made to work without compensation.However, the blacks were by no means equal to the whites. The doctrine of White Supremacy was universally accepted. Northerners made sure blacks understood their status. One of the major ways the blacks were confined was through segregation laws. In the South, the first place segregation emerged was in the cities. The institution of slavery in Southern cities found blacks and whites living in the same house, divided only by a wall. This was unlike the rural South, where slaves lived in separate houses from their masters. The purpose of segregation was the convenience of the masters and the control of the slaves.After the Civil War, Lincoln declared in his Emancipation Proclamation that all slaves were freed. Immediately afterwards, blacks and whites established physical and social distance between themselves. After the Emancipation, the states instituted the Black Codes, which imposed restrictive conditions on blacks that virtually reinslaved them. The Jim Crow Laws were instituted on the railroads. These Black Codes remained in effect until the First Reconstruction, a period of black Civil Rights. The First Reconstruction was ushered in by the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Reconstruction Act of 1867.By the mid-1870’s public attitude had undergone a gradual change. There was a resumption of the policies of White Supremacy. The Redemption was the return of old Southern attitudes. The black peoples’ stigma from slavery stopped them from fighting for their civil rights, if they were not given to them. During this period, the platform of the Southern upper class white conservatives was that blacks were inferior but that they should not be subject to segregation or humiliation. Squeamishness about contact with blacks was thought to be a lower class white, or â€Å"cracker†, attitude.During this period, racism was expressed in the United States Supreme Court decisions. Between 1873 and 1898, three cases drastically limited black privileges and immunities. These cases were the Slaughterhouse Cases of 1873, U. S. v. Reese and U. S. v. Cruikshank. The Civil Rights Cases of 1883 held that the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gave Congress the power to restrain states but not individuals from acts of racial discrimination and segregation. In 1896, in Plessy v. Ferguson, the court decided that the separate but equal doctrine was justification for segregation.The turn of the century was a new era of racism, spurred on by recent Supreme Court decisions. There was a renewal of the White Supremacy doctrine. When the United States acquired the Phillipines, Cuba and Hawaii we had under our jurisdiction eight million people of a dark race. Attitudes of racism against these dark-skinned people included American blacks. This period of history was marked by severe segregation laws and discriminatory practices. One such practice was the disfranchisement of the Negro. The standard procedure for disfranchisement of blacks was to set up barriers for voting through which only white men could squeeze.A voter was required to meet property and literacy qualifications. There were loopholes for underprivileged whites, such as the understanding clause, the grandfather clause and the good character clause. Before a citizen could vote, he was also required to pay a poll tax, which was a very reliable means of defranchising blacks and objectionable whites. At this time, the White Primary democratized nominations and party control. The White Primary excluded minorities and became a white man’s club. At this time, propaganda about negro crimes, such as arrogance, surly manners and impertinence was spread. Race relations deteriorated.White mobs committed ruthless acts of aggression against blacks. They set fires, wounded, lynched and murdered blacks. Many Jim Crow Laws were enacted in the years between 1900 and 1920. Up until 1900, the only Jim Crow Law on the books in most Southern states was the law segregating first class railroad cars. This law was expanded to include street cars, steamboats and second class railroad cars. In Southern states , signs were erected that read â€Å"Whites Only†and â€Å"Colored Only†. These signs were at the entrances and exits to public buildings, theaters, boarding houses, toilets, drinking fountains, waiting rooms and ticket windows.The South Carolina Code of 1915 prohibited textile factories from permitting laborers of different races to work in the same room, or use the same entrance, pay windows, exits, doors, lavatories, drinking water, pails, cups or glasses. There was Jim Crow Unionism which excluded blacks from jobs. State institutions, such as hospitals, had segregation laws. Only negro nurses were allowed to care for negro patients. Prisons were also segregated, as were homes for the aged, the indigent and the blind. Blacks were prohibited from public parks by the Separate Park Laws of Georgia, 1905.In Louisiana,a law was passed in 1914 segregating blacks a nd whites at circus and tent shows. In Birmingham, Alabama a law was passed decreeing that the races must be distinctly separated and must be at least twenty five feet apart from one another in any room, hall, theater, picture house, auditorium, yard, crowd, ballpark or any other outdoor place. In 1910, five patterns of residential segregation had emerged in the South. The first was in Baltimore, Maryland. It designated all white and all negro blocks. This pattern was copied in Atlanta, Georgia.The second pattern of residential segregation was in the Chesapeake Bay area cities of Roanoke and Portsmouth, Virginia. The city council was authorized to divide territories into segregated districts and to prohibit either race from living in the other’s district. A third pattern emerged in Richmond, Virginia. Blocks throughout the city were designated black or white, according to the majority of residents. Persons were forbidden to live in any block where residents are occupied by th ose with whom the person is forbidden to intermarry. The fourth pattern, in Norfolk, Virginia applied to both mixed and unmixed blocks.It fixed the color status by ownership as well as occupancy. The fifth pattern of residential segregation emerged in New Orleans, Louisiana. The law required persons of either race to secure consent of the majority of persons living in an area before establishing residence there. In 1917, these patterns of residential segregation were declared unlawful by the Supreme Court. The most successful attempt to circumvent the Court’s decision was the policy of Restrictive Covenant which was a private contract limiting the sale of property in an area to purchasers of the favored race.The most prevalent and widespread segregation was the consequence of the blacks’ economic status. This was the black ghetto, or slum in every Southern city. Smaller towns excluded black residents completely by making it known that their presence would not be tolera ted. On the other hand, thirty towns in the South were inhabited exclusively by blacks. Other Jim Crow Laws regulating a variety of negro activities were enacted during this period in history. In 1909 in Mobile, Alabama, a curfew law required blacks to be off the streets by 10 p. m.In 1915, the Oklahoma State Legislature required the telephone company to maintain separate booths for blacks and whites. In North Carolina and Florida, public schools were required to keep the textbooks of one race separate from those used by the other. Florida specified separation even while school books were in storage. South Carolina segregated schools into a third caste, with separate schools for mulatto children. In Atlanta, Georgia Jim Crow bibles were provided for negro witnesses in court. There were also Jim Crow elevators for negroes in buildings.The prevalent belief in our country at this time, during this Redemption, was that segregation was inflexible and innate. It was also believed that leg islation could not change mores. The Jim Crow Laws of this period didn’t assign blacks a fixed status. They were aggressive and destructive laws that pushed the negro further down. With World War 1, the blacks had new hope for a restoration of their rights. Many blacks joined the armed forces. Many blacks moved North where high wages were being paid in the war industry. The blacks’ participation in the war for democracy raised the demand for mor democracy for them on the home front.However, the post-War Era saw the racial policies of the South imitated in the North. White laborers did not like competition from blacks. They excluded blacks from unions and pushed blacks from the more desirable jobs in industry, federal employment and crafts. In the gid-1920’s the membership of the Ku Klux Klan reached five million. In the 1920’s and the 1930’s, more Jim Crow Laws were passed. In 1926 in Atlanta, Georgia, a law was passed that forbade barbers to serve women or children under age fourteen. At that time, All barbers were black.Four states, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama and Georgia had laws requiring Jim Crow taxis. White passengers were only driven by white taxi drivers. Black passengers were only to be driven by black taxi drivers. In 1944, the Virginia Legislature passed a law requiring separate waiting rooms and other facilities at airports. In 1932, a law was passed in Atlanta, Georgia prohibiting amateur baseball clubs of different races from playing within two blocks of each other. In 1933, Texas prohibited blacks and whites from boxing with each other. In 1937, the state of Arkansas segregated race tracks and gaming establishments.In 1935, Oklahoma segregated both races while fishing and boating. In 1930, a law in Birmingham, Alabama made it unlawful for black and whites to play together or keep company with one another. In the 1930’s, racial tensions lessened. A new liberal administration was making a sincere attemp t to improve the lot of blacks and whites. In the early 1940’s, the North was exerting pressure on the South to abolish segregation. The Supreme Court became a leader in reversing the trends of segregation that it had endorsed during the First Reconstruction.The most monumental Supreme Court decision of this century in civil rights was Brown v. Board of Education. It reversed a constitutional trend that began in the late 1800’s. It marked the beginning of the end of Jim Crow. Presently, blacks are enjoying equal civil rights under the law. All kinds of segregation and discrimination have been declared unconstitutional. The underlying prejudices and subtle racism are slower to die. It is these prejudices that make it difficult for true integration to occur presently in our society.
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